ANTIBIOTIKLARGA CHIDAMLI BAKTERIYALAR: XXI ASR GLOBAL SOG‘LIQNI SAQLASHINING DOLZARB MUAMMOSI
Kalit so‘zlar:
antibiotik rezistentligi, antimikrob rezistentlik, ESBL, karbapenemaza, MRSAAbstrak
Antibiotiklarga chidamli bakteriyalar tarqalishi XXI asr tibbiyotining eng jiddiy global xavflaridan biri hisoblanadi. Antimikrob rezistentlik bakterial infeksiyalarni davolashni murakkablashtiradi, sepsis, nogironlik va o‘lim xavfini oshiradi, shifoxonada yotish muddatini uzaytiradi hamda sog‘liqni saqlash tizimi uchun iqtisodiy yuklamani kuchaytiradi. Mazkur maqolaning maqsadi antibiotik rezistentligining epidemiologik ko‘lami, molekulyar mexanizmlari, asosiy xavf omillari, ustuvor bakterial patogenlari, diagnostika va davolashdagi zamonaviy yondashuvlari hamda profilaktika strategiyalarini ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqot narrativ ilmiy sharh shaklida bajarildi. PubMed, WHO, GLASS, The Lancet, CDC, FAO, WOAH va UNEP ma’lumotlari tahlil qilindi. Natijalarga ko‘ra, 2019-yilda bakterial antimikrob rezistentlik bevosita 1,27 million o‘limga sabab bo‘lgan, 4,95 million o‘lim esa rezistent bakterial infeksiyalar bilan bog‘liq deb baholangan. 2023-yilda dunyoda laboratoriyada tasdiqlangan keng tarqalgan bakterial infeksiyalarning taxminan har oltinchisi antibiotiklarga chidamli bo‘lgan. Rezistentlikning rivojlanishida antibiotiklarni asossiz qo‘llash, retseptsiz sotib olish, mikrobiologik nazoratning yetarli emasligi, shifoxona infeksiyalari, veterinariya amaliyotida antibiotiklardan noto‘g‘ri foydalanish va infeksiya profilaktikasining sustligi muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Xulosa sifatidaantibiotik-styuardship, mikrobiologik diagnostika, emlash, qo‘l gigiyenasi, epidemiologik kuzatuv va “Yagona salomatlik” tamoyili AMRga qarshi kurashning asosiy yo‘nalishlari ekani belgilandi.
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