The “South Aral Region Medical Journal” is a new scientific publication dedicated to addressing pressing issues in the field of medicine with a fresh perspective and a strong scientific and practical foundation. The journal was established to provide in-depth analysis of the socio-economic, environmental, demographic, and medical factors affecting our region, to promote modern diagnostic and treatment methods, to disseminate advanced practices in healthcare, and most importantly, to strengthen effective scientific collaboration between physicians and researchers. The relevance of establishing this journal is linked to the fact that the Aral Sea region has, in recent decades, become an area requiring special attention not only from an environmental but also from social and medical perspectives. The drying of the Aral Sea, increased levels of salt and dust in the air, and the salinization of soil and water pose serious risks to human health. The South Aral Region Medical Journal aims to highlight regional medical problems and provide thorough scientific analysis, publish modern research conducted across all fields of medical science, facilitate scientific information exchange between local and international scholars, and create an academic platform for young scientists, doctoral candidates, residents, and students. The journal also covers healthcare reforms, achievements, innovations, and promotes publications encouraging a healthy lifestyle in the region. The editorial board consists of leading medical scientists. Each submitted manuscript undergoes a rigorous review process to assess its scientific validity, relevance, novelty, practical significance, and evidence-based foundation. Every published article is expected to rely on thorough analysis, statistical data, medical evidence, and substantial practical experience. Overall, the journal seeks to establish close cooperation with leading national research centers, higher medical educational institutions, and organizations within the Ministry of Health system. Furthermore, through collaboration with foreign partner universities and international medical journals, the publication aims to enter the global scientific arena.
КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННОЙ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ ТАКТИКИ ПРИ ЭХИНОКОККОВОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПЕЧЕНИ: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР И МЕТА-АНАЛИЗ
Актуальность. Эхинококковая болезнь печени (ЭБП) остается значимой медико-социальной проблемой в эндемичных регионах, характеризующейся высокими показателями заболеваемости, частыми послеоперационными осложнениями и рецидивами. Несмотря на эволюцию хирургических подходов, стандартизация тактики ведения остаточной полости и профилактика осложнений остаются дискуссионными вопросами. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку эффективности оптимизированной хирургической тактики при ЭБП на основе систематического обзора литературы, анализа собственных клинических данных и мета-анализа, а также разработать и обосновать клинический алгоритм, направленный на улучшение непосредственных и отдаленных результатов лечения. Материалы и методы. Работа включает три взаимосвязанных компонента: 1) систематический обзор литературы (2015-2025 гг.) по хирургическому лечению ЭБП; 2) ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения 246 пациентов, разделенных на две группы (основная – 119, группа сравнения – 127) с применением традиционной и оптимизированной тактики; 3) мета-анализ данных из 12 исследований (включая собственные) с использованием модели случайных эффектов для оценки влияния различных методов обработки остаточной полости на частоту осложнений. Оптимизированная тактика включала предоперационную нутритивную поддержку, алгоритмизированный выбор доступа, стандартизированнуючетырехэтапную антипаразитарную обработку остаточной полости с применением разработанного способа (Патент № IAP 2025 7902) и двухконтурное дренирование. Результаты. Систематический обзор выявил высокую вариабельность хирургических подходов и отсутствие единого протокола обработки остаточной полости. Мета-анализ (I² = 78%, p<0.01) продемонстрировал, что применение стандартизированных методов обработки полости (включая оментопластику и интраоперационную антисептику) достоверно снижает риск нагноения (ОШ 0.25; 95% ДИ 0.14-0.45; p<0.001) и образования желчных свищей (ОШ 0.31; 95% ДИ 0.18-0.53; p<0.001) по сравнению с традиционными методами. В собственном клиническом исследовании частота специфических послеоперационных осложнений в основной группе снизилась на 20.9% (с 27.6% до 6.7%, p<0.001), длительность госпитализации сократилась на 29.8% (с 12.4±2.8 до 8.7±1.9 койко-дней, p<0.001), а доля хороших отдаленных результатов возросла до 89.1% против 42.6% в группе сравнения (p<0.001). Рецидивов в основной группе не отмечено, в то время как в группе сравнения они составили 4.7%. Заключение. Предложенный комплексный оптимизированный подход к хирургическому лечению ЭБП, основанный на стратификации риска, стандартизированной обработке остаточной полости и нутритивной коррекции, является высокоэффективным, безопасным и воспроизводимым. Его внедрение в клиническую практику позволяет существенно улучшить результаты лечения, снизить частоту осложнений и рецидивов, а также сократить экономические затраты системы здравоохранения.
СУРУНКАЛИ ЮРАК ЕТИШМОВЧИЛИГИ БИЛАН ОҒРИГАН БЕМОРЛАРДА ҲАЁТ СИФАТИ ВА УНИ БАҲОЛАШНИНГ КЛИНИК АҲАМИЯТИ
Мазкур тадқиқотда сурункали юрак етишмовчилиги билан оғриган беморларда ҳаёт сифати баҳоланди. Тадқиқотга 371 нафар бемор жалб қилиниб, функционал ҳолат Нью-Йорк кардиологлар ассоциацияси (NYHA) таснифи бўйича аниқланди. Ҳаёт сифати Миннесота сўровномаси, жисмоний фаоллик эса олти дақиқалик юриш синови ёрдамида баҳоланди. Натижалар функционал синф ошиши билан ҳаёт сифати кўрсаткичлари изчил равишда ёмонлашиб боришини кўрсатди. Беморларни энг кўп безовта қилган омиллар ҳансираш, тез чарчаш ва жисмоний фаолликнинг чекланиши бўлди. Олти дақиқалик юриш синови натижалари ҳаёт сифати кўрсаткичлари билан яқин боғлиқ эканлиги аниқланди. Ҳаёт сифатини баҳолаш сурункали юрак етишмовчилиги билан оғриган беморларнинг функционал ҳолатини аниқлаш ва даволаш самарадорлигини баҳолашда муҳим аҳамиятга эга.
ANTIBIOTIKLARGA CHIDAMLI BAKTERIYALAR: XXI ASR GLOBAL SOG‘LIQNI SAQLASHINING DOLZARB MUAMMOSI
Antibiotiklarga chidamli bakteriyalar tarqalishi XXI asr tibbiyotining eng jiddiy global xavflaridan biri hisoblanadi. Antimikrob rezistentlik bakterial infeksiyalarni davolashni murakkablashtiradi, sepsis, nogironlik va o‘lim xavfini oshiradi, shifoxonada yotish muddatini uzaytiradi hamda sog‘liqni saqlash tizimi uchun iqtisodiy yuklamani kuchaytiradi. Mazkur maqolaning maqsadi antibiotik rezistentligining epidemiologik ko‘lami, molekulyar mexanizmlari, asosiy xavf omillari, ustuvor bakterial patogenlari, diagnostika va davolashdagi zamonaviy yondashuvlari hamda profilaktika strategiyalarini ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqot narrativ ilmiy sharh shaklida bajarildi. PubMed, WHO, GLASS, The Lancet, CDC, FAO, WOAH va UNEP ma’lumotlari tahlil qilindi. Natijalarga ko‘ra, 2019-yilda bakterial antimikrob rezistentlik bevosita 1,27 million o‘limga sabab bo‘lgan, 4,95 million o‘lim esa rezistent bakterial infeksiyalar bilan bog‘liq deb baholangan. 2023-yilda dunyoda laboratoriyada tasdiqlangan keng tarqalgan bakterial infeksiyalarning taxminan har oltinchisi antibiotiklarga chidamli bo‘lgan. Rezistentlikning rivojlanishida antibiotiklarni asossiz qo‘llash, retseptsiz sotib olish, mikrobiologik nazoratning yetarli emasligi, shifoxona infeksiyalari, veterinariya amaliyotida antibiotiklardan noto‘g‘ri foydalanish va infeksiya profilaktikasining sustligi muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Xulosa sifatidaantibiotik-styuardship, mikrobiologik diagnostika, emlash, qo‘l gigiyenasi, epidemiologik kuzatuv va “Yagona salomatlik” tamoyili AMRga qarshi kurashning asosiy yo‘nalishlari ekani belgilandi.
GIPOTIREOZLI O‘SMIRLARDA TANA TARKIBI KO‘RSATKICHLARI VA MOYAKLAR MORFOMETRIK PARAMETRLARINING O‘RTASIDAGI BOG‘LIQLIK (ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI)
Mazkur maqola gipotireoz va subklinik gipotireozda (12–18 yoshdagi o‘smirlarda) tana tarkibi ko‘rsatkichlari (tana massasi indeksining o‘sishi, yog‘ massasining ko‘payishi, mushak-yog‘ nisbati pasayishi) va myaklar morfometrik parametrlarining (appendikulyar skelet mushak massasi, torso mushak massasi, mushak kesimi maydoni) o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni o‘rganish bo‘yicha olib borilayotgan ilmiy-tadqiqotlar natijalarining sharhiga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada ushbu holatda organizmning metabolik va endokrin tizimlaridagi o‘zgarishlar, mushak va yog‘ to‘qimalarining morfometrik parametrlaridagi buzilishlar, ruhiy-psixoemotsional holatga ta’sir etuvchi omillar, shuningdek, semizlik va gipotireozning birgalikdagi kechishi xususiyatlarini aniqlashga qaratilgan tadqiqotlar natijalari bayon etilgan. Shuningdek, gipotireozning o‘smirlardagi uchraydigan chastotasi, subklinik gipotireozli bemorlarda immunologik status o‘zgarishlari, metabolik buzilishlarning o‘ziga xosligi, kardiometabolik xavf omillari va mushak massasi pasayishiga bag‘ishlangan tadqiqotlarning ilmiy tahlili hamda mualliflarning qarashlari keltirilgan
PEDIATRIYA, GERIATRIYA VA BUYRAK-JIGAR YETISHMOVCHILIGI BO‘LGAN BEMORLARDA FARMAKOKINETIK MODELLASHTIRISH ASOSIDA XAVFSIZ DOZALASH STRATEGIYALARI
Pediatrik, geriatriya hamda buyrak va jigar yetishmovchiligi kuzatiladigan bemorlarda dori vositalarini standart dozalash nojo‘ya dori reaksiyalari, subterapevtik konsentratsiya va davolash samarasizligi xavfini oshiradi. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi farmakokinetik modellashtirish, populyatsion farmakokinetika, fiziologiyaga asoslangan farmakokinetik modellashtirish va modelga asoslangan individual dozalash usullarining klinik ahamiyatini tahlil qilishdan iborat. Adabiyotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatdiki, bolalarda a’zolar yetilishi va tana tarkibining tez o‘zgarishi, keksalarda polifarmatsiya, sarkopeniya hamda farmakodinamik sezuvchanlikning ortishi, buyrak va jigar yetishmovchiligida esa klirens, oqsil bilan bog‘lanish, metabolizm va transport tizimlarining buzilishi dozalashni individual tanlashni talab qiladi. 2023-yilda dunyoda 788 million katta yoshli kishida surunkali buyrak kasalligi mavjudligi, undan 1,48 million o‘lim qayd etilgani xavfsiz farmakoterapiya masalasining naqadar dolzarb ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Modelga asoslangan individual dozalash terapevtik dori monitoringi, klinik laborator ko‘rsatkichlar va elektron tibbiy ma’lumotlar bilan birlashtirilganda dori ekspozitsiyasini aniqroq prognoz qilish imkonini beradi. Maqolada xavf guruhlari uchun amaliy algoritm va O‘zbekiston sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida ushbu yondashuvni tatbiq etish bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.Pediatrik, geriatriya hamda buyrak va jigar yetishmovchiligi kuzatiladigan bemorlarda dori vositalarini standart dozalash nojo‘ya dori reaksiyalari, subterapevtik konsentratsiya va davolash samarasizligi xavfini oshiradi. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi farmakokinetik modellashtirish, populyatsion farmakokinetika, fiziologiyaga asoslangan farmakokinetik modellashtirish va modelga asoslangan individual dozalash usullarining klinik ahamiyatini tahlil qilishdan iborat. Adabiyotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatdiki, bolalarda a’zolar yetilishi va tana tarkibining tez o‘zgarishi, keksalarda polifarmatsiya, sarkopeniya hamda farmakodinamik sezuvchanlikning ortishi, buyrak va jigar yetishmovchiligida esa klirens, oqsil bilan bog‘lanish, metabolizm va transport tizimlarining buzilishi dozalashni individual tanlashni talab qiladi. 2023-yilda dunyoda 788 million katta yoshli kishida surunkali buyrak kasalligi mavjudligi, undan 1,48 million o‘lim qayd etilgani xavfsiz farmakoterapiya masalasining naqadar dolzarb ekanini ko‘rsatadi. Modelga asoslangan individual dozalash terapevtik dori monitoringi, klinik laborator ko‘rsatkichlar va elektron tibbiy ma’lumotlar bilan birlashtirilganda dori ekspozitsiyasini aniqroq prognoz qilish imkonini beradi. Maqolada xavf guruhlari uchun amaliy algoritm va O‘zbekiston sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida ushbu yondashuvni tatbiq etish bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.
RADIOPROTECTORS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS. APPLICATIONS OF RADIOPROTECTORS
This article is devoted to the study of radioprotectors, their characteristics, mechanisms of action, and practical applications in modern medicine and radiation protection. The increasing use of ionizing radiation in healthcare, industry, scientific research, and nuclear technologies has highlighted the importance of effective methods for protecting biological systems from radiation-induced damage. The article examines the classification of radioprotective agents, including synthetic compounds, natural products, antioxidants, vitamins, and biological modifiers. Special attention is given to their mechanisms of action, such as free radical scavenging, enhancement of antioxidant defense systems, stabilization of cellular membranes, and protection of DNA from radiation-induced injury. The study also discusses the role of radioprotectors in radiation therapy, occupational radiation safety, emergency response to radiation accidents, and space medicine. The findings indicate that radioprotectors significantly reduce radiation-related complications, improve tissue protection, and contribute to the overall safety of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. Their application remains an important area of research in radiobiology and medical science
AMBULATORIYA SHAROITIDA HOMILADOR AYOLLARDA TEMIR TANQISLIGI ANEMIYASINI PROFILAKTIK DAVOLASH ORQALI PERINATAL NATIJALARNI YAXSHILASH VA PREEKLAMPSIYA XAVFINI KAMAYTIRISH: INDIVIDUAL RISKGA ASOSLANGAN YONDASHUV
Homiladorlik davrida uchraydigan qon kasalliklarining eng keng tarqalgani sanalgan temir tanqisligi anemiyasi (TTA) nafaqat ona organizmidagi qon hosil bo'lish jarayonlariga ta'sir etibgina qolmasdan, balki yo'ldosh-homila tizimining ishlash sifatiga, homila rivojlanish jadalligiga va homiladorlikning gipertenziv asoratlariga ham bevosita aloqasi borligi zamonaviy tadqiqotlardn ma’lum bo’lmoqda. Ushbu maqolada poliklinika sharoitida kuzatilayotgan homilador ayollarda TTAning erta profilaktik davolash choralari orqali tug'ruq va chaqaloq sog'lig'i natijalarini yaxshilash, shuningdek preeklampsiya rivojlanish ehtimolini kamaytirishga mo'ljallangan individual riskni hisobga olgan yondashuv taklif qilinmoqda. Modelning asosi birinchi trimestrda amalga oshiriladigan ikki yo'nalishli risk tahlili ya’ni, anemiyaga moyillik omillari va preeklampsiyaning erta va kech bosqichlari uchun xos bo'lgan xavf omillari birgalikda baholanadi.[5,8] Bu ikki yo'nalishni yagona tizimga birlashtirish ambulator akusher-ginekologga eng ko'p e'tibor talab qiladigan bemorlarni aniq ajratish va ularga nisbatan profilaktik temir terapiyasi, kuchaytirish monitoringini hamda o'z vaqtida tuzatilgan maslahatlarni qo'llash imkonini beradi.
IMPROVING THE CRITERIA FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HYDATIDIFORM MOLE AND RISK STRATIFICATION IN THE ARAL SEA REGION
Abstract: Recent advances in cellular biology and diagnostic technology have improved gynecological disease management and fertility preservation. Early detection of conditions like hydatidiform mole is linked to better outcomes, while appropriate treatment and careful monitoring increase the chances of a successful pregnancy and healthy childbirth. Aim: To evaluate the role of immunohistochemical analysis in detecting malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole in women residing in the Aral region and to develop a comprehensive management algorithm for these patients. Study design: An open-label, independent prospective study. Materials and methods: A total of 70 endometrial aspirate samples from women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole were analyzed. The samples were collected between 2019 and 2022. Conclusion: Successful pregnancy outcomes require precise regulation and interaction between specific hormones and their respective receptors. Dysregulation or aberrant expression within any of these pathways may lead to implantation failure or pregnancy loss.
ADENOMIOZNING MORFOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARINI ANIQLASHDA MULTIPLEKSLI MORFOMETRIK TEKSHIRISHNING AXAMIYATI
Annotatsiya: Adenomioz endometriy bezlari va stromasining miometriy ichiga kirib borishi bilan tavsiflanadigan surunkali ginekologik kasallikdir. Ushbu patologiyani aniq tashxislash va uning rivojlanish darajasini baholash uchun morfologik tekshirish muhim o‘rin tutadi. So‘nggi yillarda multipleksli morfometrik tekshirish usullari adenomiozning to‘qima darajasidagi o‘zgarishlarini chuqurroq o‘rganish imkonini bermoqda. Maqsad: Adenomiozda ayollar bachadonida klinik-patogenetik va morfologik ahamiyatini o‘rganish. Material va metodlar:Tekshirish uchun jami n=62 ta holatdan - 45 ta adenomioz, endometriyning bezli giperplaziyasi n=12 ta, nazorat uchun 5 ta holatdagi meyoridagi tinch turgan endometriy to‘qimasi olingan va tayyorlangan mikronamunalar NanoZoomer (REF C13140-21.S/N000198/HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS/431-3196 JAPAN)da skaner qilindi. Olingan mikrotasvirlar QuPath-0.5.0 dasturiy ta'minotida qayta ishlandi va miometriy tarkibidagi endometriy bezlari, epiteliy xujayralari, mushak tutamlari, xajmi, bezlarning miometriydagi ma'lum yuza kattaligidagi egallagan maydoni, va endometriy bezlarining qalinligi o‘lchandi. Natijalar: Tekshirish dizayni quyidagicha, xar bir holatdan 10-15 tadan kam bo‘lsagan mikrotasvirlarda o‘rganilayotgan strukturalarning o‘rtacha, minimal va maksimal ko‘rsatkichlari olindi. Yuqorida keltirilgan mikropreparatlar namunalari skaner qilingandan keyin rasmga olinib, xar biridagi kattaliklar maxsus javdvalda keltirilib o‘rtacha statistik taxlil natijalari styudent-t mezoni bo‘yicha keltirilib, ishonchlilik darajasi P≤0,05 atrofidagi ishonchlilik darajasi bo‘yicha olingan natijalarning o‘rtacha statistik ko‘rsatkichlari olindi.
OG‘IR TIZIMLI OSTEOPOROZDA PERIPROTEZ SON SUYAGI SINISHINI JARROHLIK VA ANTIOSTEOPOROTIK DAVOLASH NATIJALARI
Maqolada og‘ir tizimli osteoporoz fonida chanoq-son bo‘g‘imi endoprotezidan keyin yuzaga kelgan periprotez son suyagi sinishini jarrohlik va antiosteoporotik davolash natijalari klinik holat asosida tahlil qilindi. Klinik kuzatuvda anamnestik ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra tuxumdonlar olib tashlanganidan keyingi uzoq muddatli estrogen yetishmovchiligi, og‘ir osteoporoz, avval bajarilgan ikki tomonlama endoprotezlash va revizion operatsiyalar, shuningdek kam energiyali travmadan keyin ikki tomonlama periprotez sinishlar yuzaga kelishi o‘zaro bog‘liq patogenetik jarayon sifatida baholandi. Davolashda protez barqarorligi, sinish chizig‘ining joylashuvi, suyak sifati va bemorning umumiy somatik holati inobatga olindi. Jarrohlik bosqichida son suyagi plastina bilan ekstramedullyar osteosintez qilindi, operatsiyadan keyingi davrda esa kalsiy, vitamin D3, bisfosfonat va denosumab asosidagi antiosteoporotik terapiya tavsiya etildi. Kuzatuvda yara birlamchi bitishi, rentgenologik jihatdan suyak bo‘laklari turishining qoniqarli bo‘lishi va 6 oyda bemorning mustaqil yurishga erishgani qayd etildi. Klinik holat periprotez sinishlarda faqat mexanik fiksatsiya emas, balki osteoporozning metabolik-gormonal sabablarini aniqlash va korreksiya qilish davolash natijasini belgilovchi muhim omil ekanini ko‘rsatadi.
INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL MORTALITY DURING COVID-19
This article examines international approaches to the assessment and analysis of maternal mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzes the clinical course of COVID-19 in pregnant women, major risk factors associated with maternal mortality, and the effectiveness of modern surveillance systems. Based on epidemiological monitoring, clinical audits, and international maternal mortality review programs, the primary causes of maternal deaths were identified. The findings indicate that severe respiratory failure, thromboembolic complications, preeclampsia, and pre-existing comorbidities significantly increase the risk of maternal mortality. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccination, early diagnosis, continuous prenatal monitoring, and timely intensive care interventions were found to be effective measures for reducing maternal deaths. International experience demonstrates that advanced epidemiological surveillance systems and improved maternal healthcare services play a crucial role in protecting maternal health during public health emergencies. The implementation of evidence-based strategies can substantially improve maternal outcomes and reduce preventable maternal mortality worldwide
CLINICAL COURSE AND DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
This article examines the clinical course and diagnostic characteristics of acute coronary syndrome associated with myocardial infarction. Acute coronary syndrome remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring rapid diagnosis and timely treatment. The study analyzes the major clinical manifestations, cardiovascular risk factors, and modern diagnostic approaches used in patients with myocardial infarction. Particular attention is given to the diagnostic significance of electrocardiography, cardiac troponins, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. The results indicate that chest pain remains the most common symptom, although atypical clinical presentations are frequently observed in elderly patients and individuals with diabetes mellitus. Early identification of myocardial injury through cardiac biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques significantly improves diagnostic accuracy. The findings demonstrate that prompt diagnosis and early reperfusion therapy reduce myocardial damage, decrease complication rates, and improve patient survival. The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive diagnostic assessment and evidence-based treatment strategies in improving clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction
ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF HELIOGEOPHYSICAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOXIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND HYPERTENSIVE CRISES IN CANCER PATIENTS
This article investigates the influence of heliogeophysical factors on the development of toxic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive crises in cancer patients. The study analyzes cardiovascular complications associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, their pathogenic mechanisms, and the effects of solar activity and geomagnetic storms on the human body. Particular attention is given to the impact of heliogeophysical disturbances on cardiac function, blood pressure regulation, and hemodynamic parameters. The findings suggest that increased geomagnetic activity may contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular complications in oncology patients. The results highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in cardiovascular risk assessment, patient monitoring, and the development of preventive and personalized treatment strategies for cancer patients.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS ON HEART FAILURE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
This article investigates the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study analyzes the pathophysiological relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular complications, focusing on diabetic cardiomyopathy and diastolic dysfunction. The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac remodeling, myocardial relaxation, and heart failure symptoms was evaluated using clinical and echocardiographic parameters. The findings indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiac function, reduce the progression of heart failure, and decrease cardiovascular risk. The results confirm the cardioprotective potential of these agents and support their use in the comprehensive management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
YUZ-JAGʻ SOHASI ODONTOGEN YALLIG‘LANISH KASALLIKLARINING KLINIK XUSUSIYATLARI VA DAVOLASH TAMOYILLARI
Yuz-jag‘ sohasi odontogen yallig‘lanish kasalliklari stomatologik amaliyotida eng ko‘p uchraydigan patologik holatlardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu kasalliklar tish va periodont to‘qimalarida rivojlangan infeksion jarayonlarning atrofdagi anatomik tuzilmalarga tarqalishi natijasida yuzaga keladi. Zamonaviy epidemiologik ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, yuz-jag‘ sohasi yallig‘lanish kasalliklarining 70–90 %dan ortig‘i odontogen etiologiya asosida kelib chiqishga ega bo‘lib, ular orasida o‘tkir odontogen periostit, osteomiyelit, abssess, flegmona va limfadenitlar alohida o‘rin egallaydi. Kasallikning klinik kechishi mikrobiologik omillar, organizm immunologik holati, infeksiyaning virulentligi hamda anatomik-fiziologik xususiyatlarga bog‘liq ravishda turlicha namoyon bo‘ladi. Mazkur maqolada yuz-jag‘ sohasi odontogen yallig‘lanish kasalliklarining etiologiyasi, patogenezi, klinik ko‘rinishlari, diagnostik mezonlari hamda zamonaviy davolash tamoyillari ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, so‘nggi yillarda chop etilgan ilmiy maqolalar va dissertatsion tadqiqotlar natijalari umumlashtirilib, kasalliklarning tarqalish ko‘rsatkichlari, asoratlari va ularning oldini olishga qaratilgan yondashuvlar baholanadi. Tadqiqotlar natijalariga ko‘ra, odontogen infeksiyalarni erta aniqlash va kompleks davolash usullarini qo‘llash og‘ir yiringli asoratlar rivojlanish xavfini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi. Antibakterial terapiya, jarrohlik sanatsiyasi, yallig‘lanishga qarshi davolash hamda reabilitatsiya tadbirlarining uyg‘unlashtirilgan holda qo‘llanilishi yuqori klinik samaradorlikka erishish imkonini beradi. Shu sababli yuz-jag‘ sohasi odontogen yallig‘lanish kasalliklarini o‘rganish stomatologiya va yuz-jag‘ jarrohligi sohalarining dolzarb ilmiy-amaliy muammolaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda
EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY DETECTION OF ARRHYTHMIAS USING REMOTE ECG MONITORING AND WEARABLE DEVICES (SMARTWATCHES) IN REDUCING CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS STROKE
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the most common cardiovascular disorders and are associated with serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. Early detection of arrhythmias is essential for timely intervention and prevention of adverse clinical outcomes. Recent advances in digital health technologies have enabled the development of remote electrocardiographic monitoring systems and wearable devices, including smartwatches, capable of continuous heart rhythm assessment. This article evaluates the effectiveness of remote ECG monitoring and wearable technologies in the early detection of arrhythmias and their role in reducing clinical complications, particularly stroke. The study analyzes current evidence regarding diagnostic accuracy, clinical benefits, patient outcomes, and future perspectives of these technologies. The findings suggest that wearable devices significantly improve arrhythmia detection, facilitate early treatment, and contribute to better cardiovascular outcomes and quality of life
ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ЛАБОРАТОРНО -ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ У БОЛЬНЫХ С БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМОЙ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА ЛАКРИЦЫ
Бронхиальная астма хроническое неинфекционное воспалительное заболевание, связанное с изменением иммунологической реактивности бронхиального дерева. Является глобальной медицинской проблемой. Число больных оценивается в 300 миллионов человек. Несмотря на революционные изменения, произошедшие в лечении бронхиальной астмы за последние 40 лет (переход с перорального использования неселективных адренергических бронходилататоров к новым симптоматическим и профилактическим методам терапии с применением удобных ингаляторов), ситуация в отношении контроля данного заболевания по-прежнему остаётся напряжённой
ХОРАЗМ ВИЛОЯТИДА ПЕРИНАТАЛ ХАВФ ГУРУҲИДАГИ ҲОМИЛАДОР АЁЛЛАРДА ПЛАЦЕНТАНИНГ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИК ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ
Platsentaning morfofunktsional holati homila rivojlanishi va perinatal natijalarni belgilashda hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi Xorazm viloyatida perinatal xavf guruhiga kiruvchi homilador ayollarda platsentaning patomorfologik xususiyatlarini oʻrganish va ularning klinik ahamiyatini baholashdan iborat. Tadqiqot materiali sifatida perinatal xavf guruhidagi homilador ayollardan tugʻruqdan soʻng olingan platsenta namunalari tahlil qilindi. Makroskopik va gistologik tekshiruvlar standart usullar asosida oʻtkazildi, toʻqimalar gematoksilin-eozin bilan boʻyaldi. Natijalarga koʻra, platsentalarda xorion vorsinkalari fibrozi, infarkt oʻchoqlari, qon tomir devorlarining sklerozi, intervorsinkalar orasida qon toʻlaqonligi va yalligʻlanish infiltratsiyasi kabi patomorfologik oʻzgarishlar aniqlandi. Ushbu oʻzgarishlar platsentar yetishmovchilikning morfologik asosini tashkil etdi. Olingan natijalar jahon va respublika adabiyotlari maʼlumotlari bilan uygʻun boʻlib, platsentaning patomorfologik tahlili perinatal xavfni baholashda muhim diagnostik ahamiyatga ega ekanini koʻrsatadi.
PASTKI JAG‘ SUYAGI SINISHLARIDA OSTEOSINTEZ AMALIYOTINING ZAMONAVIY USULLARI, DAVOLASH BOSQICHLARI HAMDA UCHRASHI MUMKIN BO‘LGAN XATOLAR VA ASORATLARI
Pastki jag‘ suyaklari yuz-jag‘ jarohatlari ichida eng ko‘p uchraydigan anatomik shikastlanishlardan biri hisoblanadi. Jag‘ suyaklarining anatomik tuzilishi, harakatchanligi hamda chaynov mushaklarining doimiy funksional ta’siri tufayli sinishlarda suyak fragmentlarining siljishi, okklyuziya buzilishi va estetik nuqsonlar rivojlanishi mumkin. Hozirda rivojlangan yuz-jag‘ jarrohligida osteosintez usullari pastki jag‘ sinishlarini davolashning asosiy yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida qaraladi. Osteosintezning maqsadi siniq fragmentlarini anatomik holatda qayta tiklash, ularni barqaror fiksatsiya qilish va suyak regeneratsiyasi uchun optimal sharoit yaratishdan iborat. Hozirgi kunda mini-plastinkali osteosintez, rekonstruktiv plastinkalar yordamidagi osteosintez, kompression osteosintez va transosseal fiksatsiya kabi usullar keng qo‘llanilmoqda. Mazkur maqolada pastki jag‘ sinishlarida osteosintez amaliyotining nazariy asoslari, jarrohlik bosqichlari, operatsiya oldi tayyorgarligi, amaliyot davomida bajariladigan manipulyatsiyalar hamda operatsiyadan keyingi kuzatuv algoritmlari ilmiy adabiyotlar va zamonaviy klinik tadqiqotlar asosida tahlil qilindi. Shuningdek, osteosintez natijalariga ta’sir qiluvchi omillar, jarrohlik xatolari, texnik kamchiliklar va operatsiyadan keyingi asoratlar ham o‘rganildi. Adabiyotlar tahliliga ko‘ra, zamonaviy titan mini-plastinkalar yordamida bajarilgan osteosintez usullarida suyak bitishining muvaffaqiyat darajasi 90–98 % oralig‘ida qayd etilgan. Biroq infektsion jarayonlar, noto‘g‘ri repozitsiya, osteomiyelit, nerv shikastlanishlari va malokkluziya kabi asoratlar ayrim holatlarda uchrashi mumkin. Tadqiqot natijalari osteosintezning samaradorligi jarrohlik texnikasining to‘g‘ri tanlanishi, anatomik repozitsiyaning aniqligi va operatsiyadan keyingi reabilitatsiyaning sifatiga bevosita bog‘liqligini ko‘rsatdi.
MODERN METHODS OF REDUCING BLOOD LOSS DURING CESAREAN SECTION IN PATIENTS WITH PLACENTA PREVIA
Placenta previa is one of the most serious obstetric complications and is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity worldwide. Massive blood loss during cesarean section remains a major clinical challenge in patients with this condition. This article reviews modern methods for reducing blood loss during cesarean delivery in women with placenta previa. The study analyzes current diagnostic approaches, risk assessment strategies, pharmacological interventions, surgical techniques, and multidisciplinary management methods aimed at preventing severe obstetric hemorrhage. Particular attention is given to the use of tranexamic acid, uterotonic agents, advanced hemostatic procedures, and modern blood management protocols. The findings indicate that early diagnosis, comprehensive preoperative preparation, and the application of contemporary blood conservation strategies significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss, decrease the need for blood transfusion, and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. The implementation of evidence-based clinical practices remains essential for enhancing patient safety and reducing complications associated with placenta previa.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in cardiovascular medicine, the prevalence of heart failure continues to increase due to population aging and the growing burden of cardiovascular risk factors. This article reviews modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of heart failure. Particular attention is given to risk factor modification, early diagnosis, evidence-based pharmacological therapies, and advanced technological interventions. The study analyzes the effectiveness of contemporary treatment strategies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and device-based therapies. In addition, the role of telemedicine, remote monitoring, and multidisciplinary care in improving patient outcomes is discussed. The findings indicate that comprehensive preventive measures and modern therapeutic approaches significantly reduce mortality, hospitalization rates, and disease progression while improving quality of life.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints and may lead to progressive disability if not treated appropriately. Recent advances in immunology and molecular medicine have significantly improved the understanding of disease mechanisms and contributed to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This article reviews modern strategies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, including conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biological therapies, and targeted synthetic agents. Particular attention is given to the importance of early diagnosis, the treat-to-target concept, individualized treatment plans, and continuous monitoring of disease activity. The findings indicate that modern therapeutic interventions effectively reduce inflammation, prevent joint destruction, improve physical function, and enhance the quality of life of patients. The study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive and patient-centered management in achieving long-term remission and favorable clinical outcomes.
PREVENTION OF KIDNEY DAMAGE IN SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS
Systemic vasculitis is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation and destruction of blood vessel walls, leading to impaired blood circulation and damage to various organs. Among the affected organs, the kidneys are particularly vulnerable due to their extensive vascular structure. Renal involvement is one of the most severe complications of systemic vasculitis and may result in chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal failure, and increased mortality. This article aims to analyze the mechanisms of kidney damage in systemic vasculitis and evaluate modern preventive strategies. The study reviews current scientific literature regarding risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and nephroprotective interventions. Special attention is given to the importance of early diagnosis, regular monitoring of renal function, timely initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, and effective control of disease activity. The findings indicate that comprehensive preventive measures significantly reduce the risk of renal complications and improve long-term outcomes. Early intervention remains essential for preserving kidney function and enhancing patients’ quality of life
BOLALARDA PERINATAL VA ERTA YOSHDAGI NEVROLOGIK OMILLARNING KOGNITIV HAMDA PSIXOMOTOR RIVOJLANISHGA TA’SIRI
Mazkur tadqiqot bolalarda epilepsiya rivojlanishida prenatal va neonatal davr xavf omillarining klinik ahamiyatini aniqlashga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot Farg‘ona viloyatida 1–12 yoshdagi 100 nafar bola ishtirokida olib borildi. Tadqiqot metodologiyasida klinik-nevrologik tekshiruvlar, elektroensefalografiya, anamnestik ma’lumotlar tahlili va ota-onalar so‘rovnomalaridan foydalanildi. Natijalar neonatal gipoksiya, muddatidan oldin tug‘ilish va prenatal infeksiyalar epilepsiya rivojlanishida asosiy xavf omillari ekanini ko‘rsatdi. Tadqiqot bolalarni erta diagnostika qilish va xavf guruhidagi bemorlarni uzoq muddat kuzatish zarurligini ko‘rsatdi.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИНГИБИТОРОВ КАЛЬЦИНЕВРИНА В ЛЕЧЕНИИ СТЕРОИДРЕЗИСТЕНТНОГО НЕФРОТИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОМА У ДЕТЕЙ
Стероидрезистентный нефротический синдром (СРНС) у детей требует эскалации терапии за рамки глюкокортикоидов. Ингибиторы кальциневрина (ИКН) - циклоспорин А (ЦсА) и такролимус (ТАК) - являются основой терапии второй линии, однако сравнительные данные об их эффективности из Центральной Азии не опубликованы
стероидрезистентный нефротический синдром
ХОРАЗМ ВИЛОЯТИ КАТТА ВА КИЧИК ЁШДАГИ ЎСМИР ЁШЛАРИ ОРАСИДА ИНТАКТ ТИШЛАРНИНГ МОРФОМЕТРИК ВА МОРФОЛОГИК ФАРҚЛАРИ
Ушбу мақолада Хоразм вилоятида яшовчи ўсмир ёшлар орасида интакт ва соғлом тишларда ўтказилган тадқиқот натижалароининг морфометрик ва морфологик кўрсаткичлари тўғрисида маълумотлар келтирилган. Хоразм вилоятида истиқомат қилувчи мактаб ёшидаги 600 нафар 11 ёшдан 17 ёшгача бўлган ўсмир ёшларнинг тишлари кўрикдан ўтказилиб, шулардан 453 нафарида кариес аниқланган. Назорат гурухи соғлом 147 нафар ўсмирлар билан солиштирма текширув олиб борилиб, морфометрик ва морфологик текширувлар ўтказилди ва олинган натижалар тахлил қилинди
МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПИЩЕВОДА ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ УГАРНОГО ГАЗА И ИХ КОРРЕКЦИЯ ФИТОКОМПОНЕНТАМИ
Цель исследования: изучение морфофункциональных изменений пищевода белых беспородных крыс при хроническом воздействии угарного газа (CO) и оценка эффективности фитокоррекции расторопшей и сафлором. Материалы и методы исследования. Исследование выполнено на 250 белых беспородных крысах с моделированием хронической интоксикации CO. Состояние пищевода оценивали гистологическими, гистохимическими, морфометрическими и иммуногистохимическими методами с использованием маркеров Ki-67 и Bcl-2. Для фитокоррекции применяли экстракты расторопши (100 мг/кг/сут) и сафлора (300 мг/кг/сут). Результаты Хроническое воздействие CO вызывало выраженные дистрофические, воспалительные и микроциркуляторные нарушения во всех слоях стенки пищевода, наиболее выраженные у 9-месячных животных. Выявлены изменения структуры эпителия, усиление воспалительной инфильтрации и нарушение показателей клеточной пролиферации и апоптоза. Применение расторопши и сафлора достоверно уменьшало выраженность патологических изменений и способствовало активации регенераторных процессов (p<0,001).
YELBO‘G‘OZ KUZATILGAN AYOLLARDA GESTATSION TROFOBLASTIK NEOPLAZIYA RIVOJLANISHINING KLINIK-ANAMNESTIK, MORFOLOGIK VA IMMUNOGISTOKIMYOVIY PREDIKTORLARINI ANIQLASH HAMDA INDIVIDUAL PROGNOZLASH MODELINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Hujayra biologiyasi sohasidagi zamonaviy yutuqlar va zamonaviy diagnostika usullarining rivojlanishi ginekologik kasalliklarni davolash natijalarini yaxshilashga va ayollarda tug'ishni saqlash imkoniyatlarini oshirishga olib keldi. Xususan, homiladorlik trofoblastik kasalliklarining ba'zi shakllari, masalan, homiladorlikning erta muddatlarida aniqlangan yelbo’g’ozni to'g'ri tanlangan terapiya va kuzatuv tufayli ayolga homilador bo'lish, sog'lom bolani tug'ish imkoniyatini beradi.
HOMILADORLARDA SIMPTOMSIZ BAKTERIURIYANI OLIB BORISH USULLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Simptomsiz bakteriuriya-bu klinik ko‘rinishga ega bo‘lmagan va faqat mikrobiologik tekshiruvda aniqlanadigan Siydik ayirish tizimi patologiyasidir [3,4]. SB bu, siydikni tekshirishga asoslangan mikrobiologik tashxis bo‘lib, bunda siydik maksimal sterillikka rioya qilingan holda yig‘ilib, laboratoriyaga imkon qadar tezroq yetkazib berilganda, bakteriyalar ko‘payishini maksimal darajada cheklash imkonini beradi. SB tashxisi, siydik yo‘llari infeksiyasi belgilari bo‘lmagan ayollardan olingan ketma-ket ikkita siydik tekshiruvi 105 KOE/ml yoki undan ortiq miqdordagi bakteriyalarning bir xil shtammini aniqlangan bo‘lsa yoki, bir marta siydik pufagi kateterizatsiya paytida olingan siydikni o‘rganishda 105 KOE/ml yoki undan ortiq miqdorda bakteriyaning bo‘lishi yetarli
ADENAMIOZDA AYOLLAR HAYOT SIFATI KOʻRSATKICHLARINI ANIQLASH USULINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Adenomioz – bu bachadonning patologik endometriy oʻchoqlari, bezlari va stromasi hisobiga ikkilamchi kattalashishi boʻlib, bunda oʻchoqlar atrofidagi miometriy gipertrofiya va giperplaziyasini keltirib chiqaradi va klinik jihatdan kattalashgan bachadon sifatida namoyon boʻladi. Endometriyning ektopik oʻchoqlari diffuz yoki lokal boʻlishi mumkin, ular tugunli shakllarni, adenomiomalarni hosil qiladi, koʻpincha bachadon orqa devorida, old devorida esa kamroq va juda kam hollarda bachadon naychalarining burchaklarida yoki bachadon boʻynining ichki sohasida aniqlanadi