PASTKI JAG‘ SUYAGI SINISHLARIDA OSTEOSINTEZ AMALIYOTINING ZAMONAVIY USULLARI, DAVOLASH BOSQICHLARI HAMDA UCHRASHI MUMKIN BO‘LGAN XATOLAR VA ASORATLARI
Ключевые слова:
pastki jag‘ sinishi, osteosintez, mini-plastinka, osteomiyelit, repozitsiyaАннотация
Pastki jag‘ suyaklari yuz-jag‘ jarohatlari ichida eng ko‘p uchraydigan anatomik shikastlanishlardan biri hisoblanadi. Jag‘ suyaklarining anatomik tuzilishi, harakatchanligi hamda chaynov mushaklarining doimiy funksional ta’siri tufayli sinishlarda suyak fragmentlarining siljishi, okklyuziya buzilishi va estetik nuqsonlar rivojlanishi mumkin. Hozirda rivojlangan yuz-jag‘ jarrohligida osteosintez usullari pastki jag‘ sinishlarini davolashning asosiy yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida qaraladi. Osteosintezning maqsadi siniq fragmentlarini anatomik holatda qayta tiklash, ularni barqaror fiksatsiya qilish va suyak regeneratsiyasi uchun optimal sharoit yaratishdan iborat. Hozirgi kunda mini-plastinkali osteosintez, rekonstruktiv plastinkalar yordamidagi osteosintez, kompression osteosintez va transosseal fiksatsiya kabi usullar keng qo‘llanilmoqda. Mazkur maqolada pastki jag‘ sinishlarida osteosintez amaliyotining nazariy asoslari, jarrohlik bosqichlari, operatsiya oldi tayyorgarligi, amaliyot davomida bajariladigan manipulyatsiyalar hamda operatsiyadan keyingi kuzatuv algoritmlari ilmiy adabiyotlar va zamonaviy klinik tadqiqotlar asosida tahlil qilindi. Shuningdek, osteosintez natijalariga ta’sir qiluvchi omillar, jarrohlik xatolari, texnik kamchiliklar va operatsiyadan keyingi asoratlar ham o‘rganildi. Adabiyotlar tahliliga ko‘ra, zamonaviy titan mini-plastinkalar yordamida bajarilgan osteosintez usullarida suyak bitishining muvaffaqiyat darajasi 90–98 % oralig‘ida qayd etilgan. Biroq infektsion jarayonlar, noto‘g‘ri repozitsiya, osteomiyelit, nerv shikastlanishlari va malokkluziya kabi asoratlar ayrim holatlarda uchrashi mumkin. Tadqiqot natijalari osteosintezning samaradorligi jarrohlik texnikasining to‘g‘ri tanlanishi, anatomik repozitsiyaning aniqligi va operatsiyadan keyingi reabilitatsiyaning sifatiga bevosita bog‘liqligini ko‘rsatdi.
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