GASTROPROTEKTOR VOSITALAR: ZAMONAVIY FARMAKOLOGIK TASNIF, TA’SIR MEXANIZMLARI VA KLINIK QO‘LLANILISHI
Ключевые слова:
gastroprotektorlar, oshqozon shilliq qavati, proton pompa ingibitorlari, rebamipid, sukralfatАннотация
Gastroprotektiv terapiya peptik yara kasalligi, gastrit, Helicobacter pylori bilan bog‘liq gastroduodenal shikastlanishlar, nosteroid yallig‘lanishga qarshi preparatlar (NSAID) va antitrombotik vositalar fonida yuzaga keladigan gastrointestinal asoratlarni oldini olish va davolashning muhim tarkibiy qismidir. Maqolaning maqsadi gastroprotektor vositalarning zamonaviy tasnifi, molekulyar ta’sir mexanizmlari, farmakokinetik xususiyatlari va klinik samaradorligini dalillarga asoslangan holda tizimlashtirishdan iborat. Adabiyotlar sharhida asosan 2021–2026-yillarda chop etilgan xalqaro klinik qo‘llanmalar, randomizatsiyalangan tadqiqotlar, sistematik sharhlar va meta-tahlillar tahlil qilindi; fundamental mexanizmlarni izohlash uchun avvalgi klassik manbalardan ham foydalanildi. Tahlil shuni ko‘rsatdiki, gastroproteksiya faqat xlorid kislota sekretsiyasini kamaytirish bilan cheklanmaydi: mukus-bikarbonat to‘sig‘i, prostaglandinlar, mikrosirkulyatsiya, tight junction oqsillari, azot oksidi tizimi, oksidlovchi stress nazorati va epitelial regeneratsiya ham muhim ahamiyatga ega. Proton pompa ingibitorlari yuqori gastrointestinal xavfli bemorlarda eng ishonchli dalillar bazasiga ega vositalardan bo‘lib qolmoqda. Vonoprazan tez va barqaror kislota supressiyasi sabab H. pylori eradikatsiyasida muhim alternativa hisoblanadi. Rebamipid va polaprezink sitoprotektiv hamda antioksidant mexanizmlari bilan istiqbolli, biroq ularning xalqaro algoritmlardagi o‘rni PPIlarnikiga qaraganda kamroq standartlashtirilgan. Gastroprotektorni tanlash shilliq qavat shikastlanishining etiologiyasi, yara va qon ketish xavfi, komorbid holatlar, H. pylori statusi hamda birga qabul qilinayotgan dori vositalarini hisobga olgan holda individuallashtirilishi lozim.
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