BOLALARDA TISH KARIYESINING RIVOJLANISHIGA TA’SIR ETUVCHI OMILLAR VA ZAMONAVIY PROFILAKTIKA USULLARI
Keywords:
bolalar stomatologiyasi, tish kariyesi, erta bolalik kariyesi, shakar, og‘iz gigiyenasiAbstract
Maqolada bolalarda tish kariyesining rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi biologik, xulq-atvor, ovqatlanish va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy omillar hamda zamonaviy profilaktika usullari dalillarga asoslangan stomatologiya nuqtayi nazaridan tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot birlamchi klinik tajriba emas, balki Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti ma’lumotlari, 2023–2026-yillarda chop etilgan sistematik sharhlar, meta-tahlillar va O‘zbekiston mualliflarining bolalar stomatologiyasi bo‘yicha ilmiy ishlariga asoslangan ikkilamchi dalillar sintezidir. WHO ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, davolanmagan sut tishlari kariyesi dunyo bo‘yicha 514 million bolaga ta’sir qiladi. 2024-yilgi oziqlanish omillari meta-tahlilida noto‘g‘ri oziqlantirish amaliyoti erta bolalik kariyesi (ECC) bilan OR 3,64, yuqori shakar iste’moli OR 3,24 va meva-sabzavotning kam iste’moli OR 2,71 darajasida bog‘langan. Tungi emizish bo‘yicha boshqa 2024-yilgi meta-tahlilda ECC xavfi RR 2,35 bo‘lgan. Profilaktikada ftorli tish pastasi, professional ftorli lak, fissura germetiklari, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), ota-onalarni o‘qitish va riskga asoslangan recall tizimi asosiy yo‘nalishlar sifatida ajratildi. Ftorli lakning klassik pooled prevented fraction ko‘rsatkichi doimiy tish sirtlarida 46% va sut tishlarida 33% bo‘lgan; 2025-yilgi zamonaviy review esa 14 RCT va 13 mingdan ortiq bolada uning xavfsiz va samarali ekanini tasdiqlaydi. Fissura germetiklari doimiy molyarlarda 36 oygacha kariyes xavfini kamaytirgan, SDF bo‘yicha 2024-yilgi sistematik sharhlar esa kariyesni to‘xtatishda izchil foyda ko‘rsatgan. Natijalar bolalar kariyesi profilaktikasi bitta muolaja emas, balki shakar ekspozitsiyasini kamaytirish, ftor, germetik, SDF va ota-ona ishtirokini birlashtiruvchi ko‘p bosqichli model bo‘lishi kerakligini ko‘rsatadi.
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