TISH YUZASIDA KARASHLAR HOSIL BO‘LISHINING MOLEKULYAR-BIOLOGIK MEXANIZMLARI, ETIOLOGIYASI, OG‘IZ BO‘SHLIG‘I MIKROBIOTASINING PATOGENETIK ROLI VA ZAMONAVIY DAVOLASH USULLARI

Mahfuza Siddikova

Authors

Mahfuza Siddikova Central Asian Medical University xalqaro tibbiyot universiteti assistenti, Burhoniddin Marg‘inoniy ko‘chasi 64-uy, Farg‘ona, O‘zbekiston Author

Keywords:

tish karashi

Abstract

Tish yuzasida hosil bo‘ladigan karashlar – yumshoq tish karashi (bioplyonka) va mineralizatsiyalangan tish toshi – kariyes, gingivit va parodontit kabi og‘iz bo‘shlig‘ining eng keng tarqalgan kasalliklarining umumiy etiologik asosi hisoblanadi. Zamonaviy mikrobiologiya nuqtai nazaridan tish karashi tasodifiy mikroorganizmlar to‘plami emas, balki hujayradan tashqari polimer matriks ichida tartibli joylashgan, o‘zaro metabolik va signal aloqalariga ega bo‘lgan murakkab ko‘p turli mikrob jamoasidir. Uning shakllanishi orttirilgan emal pellikulasining hosil bo‘lishi, birlamchi kolonizatorlarning adgeziyasi, koagregatsiya, bioplyonkaning yetilishi va keyinchalik mineralizatsiya bosqichlarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Mazkur maqolada tish karashlari hosil bo‘lishining fizik-kimyoviy va molekulyar mexanizmlari, ularning shakllanishiga ta’sir etuvchi mahalliy va umumiy etiologik omillar, og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i bakteriyalarining – streptokokklar, aktinomitsetlar, fuzobakteriyalar hamda gramm-manfiy anaerob „kalit“ patogenlarning – patogenetik roli ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlili asosida yoritilgan. Ekologik blyashka gipotezasi, polimikrob sinergiya va disbioz modeli, kvorum-sensing tizimlari va ekzopolisaxarid matriksning virulentlikdagi ahamiyati muhokama qilingan. Shuningdek, professional mexanik tozalash (ultratovushli skeyling, glitsin va eritritol kukunli havo-abraziv polirovka), individual gigiyena vositalari, antiseptik chayqatmalar, antikalkulus komponentlar, probiotiklar va fotodinamik terapiyaning samaradorligi qiyosiy baholangan. Tahlil natijalari karashlar nazoratida bioplyonka strukturasini mexanik buzish asosiy tamoyil bo‘lib qolishini, kimyoviy va biologik vositalar esa uni to‘ldiruvchi ahamiyatga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.

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